SOYBEAN ESTABLISHMENT AND SOIL PENETRATION RESISTANCE UNDER SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND SOWING SPEED IN TWO SEASONS

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the influence of soil management systems and sowing speed on the soil physical attributes of the soil and agronomic components of the soybean crop in two consecutive harvests. The trial was conducted in a randomized block design in a split plot scheme with four replications. In the plots, six management systems were applied: plowing at 0.40 m with moldboard plow, followed by two swivel- levelling harrows, without soil mobilization, one chiseling at 0.35 m, two crossed chiseling at 0,35 m, one harrow - leveling and one chiseling harrow at 0.35 m and swivel- leveling harrow. The sowing seeds were performed to each subplot, adding up four speeds in the 2014/2015 crop season and three in the 2015/2016 crop season. To evaluate the trial were recorded the data about, the percentage of soil coverage, resistance to penetration, number of days to emergency, stand and longitudinal distribution. The data was subjected to analysis of variance and test of means. The results showed that non-soil mobilization did not show an increase in soil compaction. The soil cover decreased the resistance to penetration. A less soil mobilization, showed a rapid seedling emergency. An increased on sowing speed increased the percentage of failure spacing decreasing sowing quality